The oxidation mechanism involves the introduction of oxygen molecules into the surface structure of the metal. Each metal reacts to this in its own way: it darkens, becomes covered with rust or patina.
Professionals use a 5% aqueous solution of hydrochloric or sulfuric acid with an inhibitor (it slows down oxidation, prevents damage to the metal), or a mixture of vaseline oil and lactic acid - they turn corrosion into iron lactate and dissolve it. At home, vinegar, soda, citric acid are suitable.
Prepare a mixture of salt and soda, add a little water to make a homogeneous thick slurry. Apply the mixture to the rusty areas, soak for 30 minutes, then rub with aluminum foil or a brush. After such cleaning, the integrity of the surface structure of the metal is violated, so protective agents must be applied.
The simplest rust remover is a mixture of vinegar and lemon juice. We mix them in equal proportions and apply to the rusty surface with a sponge or cotton swab (while avoiding contact with mucous and wound surfaces).