Heartburn, also known as acid reflux, occurs when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing a burning sensation in the chest or throat.
Certain foods are known to trigger or exacerbate heartburn symptoms due to their impact on the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), a muscle that helps prevent stomach acid from flowing back into the esophagus.
Here are some common types of foods that can contribute to heartburn.
Foods that are heavily spiced or contain hot peppers can irritate the stomach lining and relax the LES, potentially leading to acid reflux.
Citrus fruits like oranges, grapefruits, lemons, and limes are acidic and can increase stomach acid production, making them more likely to trigger heartburn.
Tomatoes are also acidic, and tomato-based products like sauces, ketchup, and salsa can contribute to heartburn symptoms.
High-fat foods, such as fried foods, fatty meats, and full-fat dairy products, can slow down digestion and relax the LES, allowing stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus.
Chocolate contains both caffeine and theobromine, which can relax the LES and contribute to the relaxation of the esophageal sphincter.
Minty foods and beverages, including peppermint and spearmint, can relax the LES and lead to acid reflux symptoms.
Onions and garlic are known to cause heartburn for some individuals, as they can relax the LES and increase stomach acid production.